In general, the procurement policy describes the method or rules by which public sector institutions procure goods and services from the private sector. Essentially, it means setting up a fair system of adjudicating between the many competing bids received from consultants, suppliers, service providers and contractors. As tax is essential for all governments, every country's procurement policy insists that all individuals or companies submitting bids must be fully up-to-date with their tax payments. There is thus usually a requirement for tax clearance certificates to be submitted with each bid.